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Naturalization Citizenship: Grounds, How to Obtain, Tips

Home » Blog » Naturalization Citizenship: Grounds, How to Obtain, Tips

Portugal continues to attract many people with its mild climate, rich culture, and growing economic opportunities. For many who choose this country to live in, obtaining Portuguese citizenship through naturalization becomes an important step, opening doors to new perspectives and full participation in public life. However, like in any other EU country, the process has its own peculiarities and strict requirements. In this article, we will examine in detail how everything is arranged, what conditions need to be met, and what stages need to be completed on the path to obtaining the desired passport.

On what grounds is citizenship granted through naturalization in Portugal

Obtaining citizenship through naturalization in Portugal is strictly regulated according to the criteria approved by Law No. 37/81. The basic conditions include residing in the country for a minimum of five years. This period is shortened in case of marriage to a citizen of the republic or origin from Portuguese-speaking countries.

But not only the years matter, also taken into account are:

  • having a legal domicile (official address);
  • lack of criminal record;
  • confirmed income;
  • stable employment or means to support oneself;
  • level of integration into society.

The law excludes the possibility of “buying” status through formalities. Each applicant must demonstrate real involvement in the country’s life.

Path to citizenship: what is needed for integration

Portugal requires confirmation of integration through language proficiency, knowledge of history, and traditions. The candidate takes the CIPLE exam (A2 level), where the focus is not on philological sophistication, but on the ability to understand, speak, and write at a basic level.

Participation in daily life remains mandatory — renting a house, paying utility bills, medical services, and even activity in the tax system. Genuine immigration means not only relocation but also participation in society’s life.

Procedure for obtaining citizenship

Portuguese registration authorities operate in a digital rhythm. Online appointments, electronic submission of applications, checking the status of applications on the IRN platform — standard.

How to obtain citizenship through naturalization:

  1. Collect certificates of residence, income, lack of criminal record.
  2. Confirmation of residency (having a residence permit or permanent residency).
  3. Payment of a fee of 250 euros.
  4. Successful completion of the language exam.
  5. Completion of the process by swearing allegiance to the Republic.

The application processing time is from 6 to 18 months depending on the region and workload of the IRN.

When citizenship through naturalization is not available?

Naturalization is only allowed for those who fully meet the requirements — without compromises or shortcuts. Violation of even one of the criteria jeopardizes the entire process of acquiring national status.

Government authorities refuse to grant citizenship if the applicant:

  • provides false information;
  • does not actually reside in the country;
  • has criminal episodes in their history;
  • demonstrates insufficient language proficiency.

In case of refusal, reapplication is possible, but only after addressing the reasons that led to the negative decision. It is a process where reputation plays a role as a currency of trust.

Key points to know about obtaining citizenship through naturalization in Portugal: summary

Citizenship begins not with a passport, but with compliance with clear legal requirements. In Portugal, these conditions are not a formality but a real filter that only prepared and involved individuals pass through.

To become a citizen through naturalization, one must consider the following factors:

  1. Having a legal domicile for at least 5 years.
  2. Legal residency — temporary or permanent.
  3. Confirmed stable income or employment contract.
  4. Lack of a criminal past.
  5. Confirmation of Portuguese language proficiency at A2 level.
  6. Involvement in the public and tax system.
  7. Successful completion of the language exam and oath.
  8. Respect for the country’s laws and adherence to its constitutional principles.

These criteria form not a bureaucratic list but a profile of a person ready to fully become part of Portuguese society. Only real compliance with all points guarantees progress towards citizenship through naturalization in Portugal.

Citizenship through naturalization in Portugal: simplifications and exceptions

Some categories of foreigners obtain status through a simplified procedure. Among them are:

  • individuals born in the republic to foreign parents with legal status;
  • spouses and partners of Portuguese citizens (after 3 years of cohabitation);
  • citizens of Portuguese-speaking countries (Brazil, Mozambique, Angola, etc.);
  • refugees who have obtained status in the republic.

In specific cases, the residency period is shortened, and the exam is replaced by alternative proofs of integration.

Risks and mistakes in document submission

Mistakes in submission are a common reason for refusals. The following errors are encountered in practice:

  • lack of confirmed income;
  • incomplete document package;
  • ignoring the exam;
  • applying with a residence permit instead of permanent residency;
  • violating the minimum residency period.

To avoid risks, the applicant checks compliance with citizenship acquisition conditions in advance and prepares documents according to the IRN regulations.

Alternative to citizenship through naturalization: real estate investments

For those not willing to wait 5 years, there is a faster way. The real estate investment program allows eligibility for citizenship through naturalization in Portugal already after 5 years of obtaining the “golden visa” issued for investments starting from 500,000 euros (or from 350,000 euros for restoration projects).

Key advantages of the scheme:

  • no requirement for permanent residency (7 days a year is sufficient);
  • flexibility in asset management;
  • opportunity to obtain a passport, opening visa-free doors to 191 countries.

This program combines legality, strategy, and acceleration of the process without strict integration conditions. Thanks to real estate investments, obtaining citizenship becomes accessible even with minimal physical presence in the country.

Conclusion

Citizenship through naturalization in Portugal does not offer easy paths but is built on clear, legal, and achievable grounds. This path is suitable for those who have not just moved but have rooted themselves. For those choosing the path through real estate investments, a faster route opens up.

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Overview of the property market in Lisbon: information for future owners

Lisbon is a city where ancient architecture and modern buildings intertwine to create a unique image of the capital. Here you’ll find the narrow streets of Alfama, the sunny boulevards of Bairro Alto and serene views of the Tagus River. It’s no wonder that property in Lisbon is attracting more and more international buyers.

Why property in Lisbon is in demand: the peculiarities of the Portuguese capital

Lisbon is a city with a rich history, a warm climate and an unforgettable gastronomy. On the one hand, the architecture of Alfama makes you think of ancient Portugal, on the other hand, modern neighbourhoods such as the Parque das Nações symbolise the future. Real estate in the Portuguese capital comes in a variety of formats, from houses in historic neighbourhoods to ultra-modern apartments in new districts.

With an average annual temperature of 17 degrees Celsius and over 2800 hours of sunshine a year, it is one of the sunniest places in Europe. In addition to the climate, Portugal is also attractive for its security – Lisbon is considered one of those cities with a low crime rate and high quality of life.

Economic and investment opportunities

Investing in real estate in Portugal is not just about buying square metres. It is an opportunity to receive a stable income from renting out accommodation due to the high tourist attractiveness of Lisbon. According to the Portuguese Institute of Statistics, housing prices in the capital are steadily increasing by 5-7% annually, and rental yields in popular areas such as Ciado and Bairro Alto reach 6-7% per year.

In 2021, the Portuguese government introduced a number of incentives for foreign investors, including the “Golden Visa” – the possibility of obtaining a residence permit for the purchase of properties worth 500,000 euros or more.

The variety of accommodation in Lisbon: what to choose from

Apartments in Lisbon range from luxurious penthouses in Chiado with panoramic views of the city and river to small cosy flats in Alfama with an old-world feel. Prices for luxury homes can reach €1,000,000 and above, while mid-range flats cost around €300,000 – €500,000 depending on the neighbourhood and infrastructure.

Property in the historic centre of Lisbon

In neighbourhoods such as Alfama, Bairro Alto and Chiado, time seems to stand still. There are narrow cobblestone streets, old buildings with colourful azulejo tiles, and a unique Lisbon atmosphere. Alfama is a neighbourhood where every building breathes history. Bairro Alto is the heart of the metropolis’ nightlife, where apartments are valued for their proximity to popular restaurants and bars.

How to buy a flat in Lisbon: from planning to buying a property

Обзор рынка недвижимости в Лиссабоне: информация для будущих собственниковIt is important to understand all the costs to be faced. In addition to the cost of the home, there is the property transfer tax (IMT), which ranges from 1 to 8%, depending on the price of the property. You also need to consider the annual tax (IMI), which ranges from 0.3 to 0.45% of the cadastral value of the property.

The choice of neighbourhood plays a key role. In the centre of Chiadu and Alfama, prices are higher, but the infrastructure is also developed at the highest level. The neighbourhoods of Ajuda and Benfica offer more affordable options, while maintaining a good standard of living and convenient transport accessibility.

Legal aspects of the purchase

Property prices in Lisbon can vary depending on many factors, but the legal procedures remain the same. The transaction requires a Portuguese tax number (NIF), a bank account and a preliminary contract of sale (CPCV). The final stage is the signing of the contract at the notary and registration of the property in the Land Registry.

It is very important to engage an experienced lawyer who will check all documents and ensure the legal integrity of the transaction. For example, a CPCV contract includes details of the terms, payment terms and possible penalties for breach of terms. This ensures security for both parties to the transaction.

Lisbon for Russians: procedure for obtaining a Portuguese residence permit through the purchase of property

The “Golden Visa” programme allows you to obtain a residence permit for the purchase of properties worth 500,000 euros or more. It allows you to travel freely in Schengen countries and subsequently obtain Portuguese citizenship.

The process includes several stages: from visa application to annual renewal. First you need to apply to the SEF (Portuguese Immigration and Borders Service), provide proof of purchase and financial means for residence.

Reviews of life in Lisbon for Russians

Many Russian-speaking residents note the high level of comfort, safety and friendliness of the locals. For Russians, Lisbon is becoming a second home thanks to its mild climate, relaxed lifestyle and diverse culture. For example, one of the migrants, Dmitry, shares on social networks: “I moved to Lisbon three years ago, and I am still surprised at how open and friendly people are here. It’s a completely different rhythm of life, where quality over quantity.”

Families with children also note the high quality of education and access to international schools. Lisbon offers many parks and outdoor activities, making it an attractive destination for families.

Conclusion

Лиссабон для русских: процедура получения ВНЖ Португалии через покупку недвижимостиProperty in Lisbon remains one of Europe’s most attractive investment destinations due to its unique combination of culture, climate and economic stability. Buying a home here is not just an investment in square metres, but an investment in a lifestyle where the sun shines almost all year round and the city opens its arms to all who want to be part of it.

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Mortgage in Portugal for foreigners: everything you need to know

Mortgage in Portugal for foreigners confidently retains the status of a sought-after instrument for purchasing residential or investment property in the European Union. The country offers not only a sunny climate and a stable economy, but also loyal financial mechanisms for non-residents. Portuguese banks willingly lend to international buyers, forming conditions that combine predictability, a moderate rate and transparent procedure for registration.

Demand for property is not decreasing. Foreign investors are actively considering the purchase of flats and houses in Lisbon, Porto, Algarve, Madeira and the Azores. Mortgage in Portugal for foreigners gives the opportunity to purchase an object worth from 150 000 euros with a down payment of 30% and a term of up to 35 years. At the same time, the loan rate starts at 3.1%, and the package of documents remains compact and understandable.

Basic mortgage conditions for foreigners in Portugal

Financial institutions offer foreigners a wide range of conditions based on their ability to pay, income structure, citizenship and purpose of purchase. Each bank sets its own parameters, but the general principle remains stable for a number of positions.

Key characteristics:

  1. Loan term – from 5 to 35 years.

  2. The minimum down payment is 30% of the value of the property.

  3. Interest rates range from 3.1 per cent to 5.2 per cent per annum.

  4. The currency of the mortgage is exclusively in euros.

  5. Borrower’s age – from 18 to 70 years old at the time of the last payment.

  6. Property type – ready-made housing, new buildings, secondary market, investment apartments.

Mortgage in Portugal for foreigners applies to residential and commercial properties, but the conditions for the second type are tougher: the term is shorter, the rate is higher, control over the origin of income – stricter.

Procedure for foreigners: how to apply for a mortgage in Portugal

There are several mandatory steps in the process. Each step requires precision, adherence to deadlines, and coordination with a financial advisor or attorney.

Steps:

  1. Selecting a site and signing a preliminary contract (CPCV) – fixes the cost, terms, conditions.

  2. Submitting an application to the bank – includes an application form, income certificates, bank statements.

  3. Property valuation – an independent valuer confirms the market value of the property.

  4. Loan approval – the bank sends a proposal (Term Sheet) with loan parameters.

  5. Signing of the sale and purchase agreement and mortgage agreement – notarised.

  6. Registration of titles and mortgages – formalised in the Land Register (Conservatória).

Banks do not tolerate “grey” income, fictitious certificates and opaque sources of financing.

Down payment and calculations: how much money will be needed

For non-residents, banks require a down payment of 30% of the value of the property. The standard range is 30-40%, depending on the profile of the client and the location of the property. Properties in Lisbon, Porto or on the coast require a larger investment – the average cheque starts at €60,000 for a €200,000 flat.

Additional costs include:

  1. Property valuation – 250-400 €.

  2. Legal support – from 1 500 €.

  3. Notary services and registration – 1-2 % of the cost.

  4. Purchase tax (IMT) – from 0 % to 8 %, depending on the value.

  5. Annual property tax (IMI) – 0.3% to 0.8%.

With a loan amount of 150,000 €, an average term of 25 years and an interest rate of 3.5 per cent, the monthly payment would be about 750 €. A mortgage in Portugal for foreigners allows you to use the rented property as a source to cover the loan payments.

Interest rates: what it depends on and how to reduce them

Mortgages in Portugal for foreigners are based on two parameters: the EURIBOR index and the bank spread. The index is updated every 3, 6 or 12 months, the spread is fixed at the time of signing the contract.

Average range:

  • variable rate – from 3.1 per cent (EURIBOR + 1.5-2.5 per cent);

  • fixed parameter – from 4.2%;

  • Hybrid – from 3.8% (first 3 years fixed, then variable).

The rate is reduced if you have a positive credit history in Europe, official income, a large down payment or additional guarantees. Some banks offer a 0.2-0.5 per cent reduction if you open a deposit, buy insurance or use a salary account.

Banks in Portugal: who lends to foreigners

Mortgages in Portugal for foreigners are available from major national and international banks. Credit organisations will consider applications from citizens of any country, provided that they have a clear income structure and meet age limits.

Formats of organisations:

  • large private banks (Millennium BCP, Novo Banco, Santander);

  • State banks (Caixa Geral de Depósitos);

  • branches of foreign banks, including Spanish and French groups;

  • specialised mortgage brokers and financial advisers.

The most flexible conditions are offered by private banks – term up to 35 years, rate from 3.2%, quick response. Public institutions offer more protection, but limit the term to 30 years and require a larger package of documents.

Mortgage in Portugal as a path to relocation: a financial bridge for foreigners in the EU

Moving to Portugal often starts with buying a home. A mortgage in Portugal for foreigners can serve as a basis for applying for a residence permit. With a purchase of 280,000 euros or more under the terms of the investment programme and the availability of a mortgage loan, the applicant becomes eligible for a residence permit. The “golden visa” programme does not require full payment in cash. It is allowed to partially finance the property through a mortgage, provided that at least 20-30% of own funds are invested. Residence permit is issued for 2 years, with the possibility of extension and subsequent residence permit after 5 years.

Property investment in Portugal: a profitable strategy

Over the last 5 years, the average cost per square metre in Lisbon has increased by 40%, in Porto – by 38%, in the Algarve – by 29%. Renting out provides a return of 4 to 6% per annum.

Property formats:

  • apartments for short-term rentals;

  • houses for long term rentals;

  • commercial property for tourist purposes;

  • renovation projects with subsequent resale.

With an investment of your own 40%, the rental income is able to cover the monthly repayments. After 10-15 years, the property is fully owned, forming a capital and asset in Europe.

Errors in the design

A mortgage in Portugal for foreigners requires care at every stage. Mistakes at the start increase the time to get approval or lead to rejection. The most common problems are:

  1. Insufficient preparation of documents – banks reject applications without translated and notarised certificates.

  2. No NIF tax number – it is not possible to process a transaction without this code.

  3. Unaccounted expenses – 7-10% of the property value will be required in addition to the contribution for taxes and clearance.

  4. Inadequate income assessment – banks only accept white income with proof.

  5. Trying to hide debts – having debts in other countries leads to rejection.

  6. Choosing an unstable bank – co-operation with an unreliable bank increases the risk of rejection at a later stage.

  7. Wrong choice of rate – variable rate is suitable for short-term investments, fixed rate for life.

  8. Purchase without legal advice – Portuguese law requires the property to be checked for encumbrances.

  9. Incorrect timing – loan approval takes 4-8 weeks.

  10. Neglected counselling – an experienced counsellor shortens the journey and avoids unnecessary costs.

Conclusion

Mortgages in Portugal for foreigners have long ceased to be a rarity. It is a working, clear and favourable tool for buying a home, building capital and moving to a country with a high standard of living. The terms and conditions of banks are loyal, the procedure is clear, and taxes are predictable. With a competent approach, a foreign investor not only gets the keys to a house in Europe, but also builds a new financial and legal base within the EU.

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